Topplista
Partiexempel |
Konfliktspel2009-12-27Konfliktspel kombinerar de bästa elementen från schack och rollspel. Dels finner vi de strategiska och taktiska elementen - spänningen i att besegra en motståndare med tankens kraft - och dels finner vi de diplomatiska elementen - upplevelsen av att sätta sig in i en fältherres eller stats roll och med den som utgångspunkt förhandla med, förekomma och förinta andra fältherrar eller stater. Mitt intresse för konfliktspel vaknade följaktligen också i högstadiet, efter det att jag tagit schack och rollspel till mitt hjärta. Klassikern RISK blev det första konfliktspelet jag prövade mina krafter på men med tiden upptäckte jag fler och fler slagfält som erbjöd större och mer spännande utmaningar. Internets utveckling gav konfliktspelen en ny dimension såtillvida att spelplanens gränser eliminerades och man kunde skaffa sig vänner (eller fiender, beroende på hur man ser det) över hela världen. Jag deltog i flera Diplomacypartier över nätet, inklusive 1999 års världsmästerskap. Det gav mig många roliga minnen men tyvärr kan jag också konstatera att det kräver alltför mycket tid. För den intresserade rekommenderar jag ändå ett besök på Diplomatic Pouch! En annan bra internetsajt för spelfantaster är Boardgamegeek, en rik källa på recensioner och strategier för vitt skilda brädspel. Numera är det svårt att hitta tid och motståndare till att spela konfliktspel. Ibland dyker snabbare spel som Settlers och Puerto Rico upp på bordet när jag träffar kompisar men annars för de en tynande tillvaro i mitt välfyllda spelskåp. Sedan vi flyttade till villa och fick mer plats har jag visserligen "annekterat" ett rum för solitärspel där jag alltid har ett parti uppställt. Å andra sidan har det nuvarande partiet, Napoleon at Leipzig, pågått i över ett år. Minnena av de många partier jag spelat kommer dock alltid att leva kvar och de vill jag gärna dela med mig till andra konfliktspelfantaster. TopplistaDiplomacy
AllmäntDiplomacy är utan tvekan kungen bland konfliktspel. Det är ett rent skicklighetsspel där förhandlingar snarare än slumpen avgör den internationella politiken. Stridssystemet är mycket enkelt: den som är starkast vinner. Men för att bli starkast måste man ha medspelares stöd och det enda som kan vinna detta stöd är diplomati. En efter en kommer spelare falla offer för varandras ränker tills bara den bäste diplomaten återstår. Ett spel som verkligen tar fram det bästa (eller värsta!) hos spelarna! StrategiFör att vinna i Diplomacy krävs som sagt diplomati. Man måste prata med alla hela tiden för att hålla sig uppdaterad om deras strategier och snappa upp potentiella sidbyten. Se till att skaffa en eller två fasta allianspartners som du kan sätta din lit till och bygg upp förtroendet genom att se till att ni får lika andel av de frukter som alliensen skördar. Se också till att så split mellan andra liknande allianser så att konkurrenterna kan tas ut en och en. Hugg så dina allianspartners i ryggen först när du är säker på att de inte kommer att kunna slå tillbaka. Detta är dock lättare sagt än gjort. MinnenMitt mest minnesvärda parti spelades i korrespondensform med ett drag i veckan. En spelledare samlade in dragen och gav ut en "tidning" där spelarna kunde publicera kommunikéer som rättfärdigade deras handlingar. Jag hade den otacksamma rollen att spela Österrike-Ungern, en central stat omgiven av fiender. Jag såg därför till att i hemlighet alliera mig med den andra centrala staten Tyskland och bilda det "Stortyska Riket" i syfte att slåss för en delad seger. Tillsammans såg vi till att sprida rykten om Ryssland och Turkiet som fick de båda att anfalla varandra. Med Italien slöt jag en allians som delade Medelhavet mellan oss så att jag kunde få fria händer på Balkan. I hemlighet medlade jag också mellan England och Frankrike så att inte mina vapenbröder skulle få det för lätt på sin front. Eftersom jag hade haft "rätt" om Rysslands avsikter hade jag vunnit Turkiets förtroende och tillsammans med Tyskland slog vi ut Ryssland. Först därefter slog jag till mot Turkiet och lade hela Balkan under Dubbelörnens fanor. Eftersom Italien hade kört fast mot Frankrike passade jag på att falla dem i ryggen också innan jag efter lite besvär avslutade Turkiet. Eftersom England och Frankrike fortfarande var kvar i spelet var Österrike-Ungern den starkare parten i Stortyska Riket. Tiden var inne för att bryta min tredje allians och kräva segern för egen räkning. De österrikiska trupperna korsade tyska gränsen korsade gränsen och Kaisern tvingades erkänna sig besegrad. En minnesvärd seger men tyvärr också ett av få partier som jag verkligen spelat till slut. Civilization
AllmäntCivilization (icke att förväxla med dataspelet!) skiljer sig mycket från traditionella konfliktspel. Spelets mål är att utveckla sin civlisation kulturellt, ekonomiskt och politiskt. Spelarna är såväl motspelare, i det att de utkämpar strider, som medspelare, i det att de handlar med varandra. Civilizations stora styrka är den omfattande interaktionen mellan spelarna och de snabba vändningarna. Ena stunden kan din civilisation vara på väg mot Mare Nostrum, den andra kan den vara på väg mot sin undergång. StrategiCivilization har två strategiska mål: Expansion och utveckling. Under de inledande dragen är det absolut viktigaste att karva ut land för den egna civilisationen och hävda "naturliga" gränser. Utan möjlighet att bygga maximala nio städer kan man inte vinna. Därefter är det dags att tänka på utveckling. Man ska inte vara rädd för att byta till sig en naturkatastrof om det kan leda till bättre varukombinationer. Om man har en stor landbas så kommer man att återhämta sig på ett drag men om man byter in en dålig varukombination så tar det många drag att bygga upp en ny. Vilken utveckling ska man då välja? Vissa utvecklingar är kritiska, såsom Agriculture för Afrika eller Engineering för Egypten, men utöver dessa så ska man utveckla sig så att man optimerar utvecklingskortens bonuspoäng. Att välja militära utvecklingar som Military och Metalworking är bara kontraproduktivt då det skaffar fiender och förvärrar naturkatastrofer. Vinner gör ofta den som köpt mest utveckling för billigast belopp. MinnenCivilization är liksom Diplomacy ett spel man sällan hinner spela fullt ut. Mitt mest minnesvärda parti är därför ett av de få exempel på ett komplett parti som jag spelat och dessutom vunnit. Det svårspelade Afrika föll på min lott men genom hårda förhandlingar med Egypten ("Jag behöver stadsrutor så ge mig en gräns jag vill ha eller jag blir din fiende för resten av spelet.") så fick jag en hyfsat bra bas att börja med. Vändpunkten kom när Asien drabbades av inbördeskrig med Afrika som förmånstagare. Asiern avstod från städer i Anatolien i förhoppningen om att kunna återerövra utbrytarstaterna såsom brukligt är. Jag skaffade dock Astronomy och såg till att knyta samman mina "östra kolonier" med moderlandet. Eftersom Afrikas obördiga land sällan tillåter en stor befolkning så fick jag ofta flytta efter Asien och kunde hävda mina nya "naturliga gränser". Därmed hade jag fått en bra landbas och kunde satsa på att optimera utvecklingskorten. Detta var något jag var ensam om eftersom övriga spelare inte hade insett hur effektivt det var. När nästa dag grydde och det långa partiet äntligen nådde sitt slut så blev överraskningen stor när Afrika stod som segrare. Britannia
AllmäntBritannias charm ligger i att man spelar många olika folkslag med varierande styrka. I Britannia kämpar man om kontrollen över Britannien och man gör det genom att med vart och ett av sina folkslag kämpa om kontrollen om kontrollen över respektive del av Britannien. Framgång mäts i "Victory points" och vinner gör den som lyckas karva ut mest åt sina folkslag av Britannien. StrategiFör att vinna i Britannia krävs det god kännedom om när de olika folkslagen gör entré och det är därför en avsevärd fördel att ha spelat det förut. Vinner gör den som bäst lyckas lyckas få sina folkslag att hjälpa fram varandra, även om det innebär att några av dem underpresterar. Briganter kan hjälpa saxare in i Wales, romano-britter kan hjälpa skottar in i Skottland, angler kan hjälpa pikter in i Skottland och så vidare, det finns många exempel på ohistoriska men effektiva allianser. Diplomati är svårare att lyckas med då det är svårt att se vem som leder. Att romarna har flest poäng i början betyder inte att de leder. Diplomati måste därför mer handla om att enas om naturliga gränser så att man inte försvagar varandra till nästa invasion kommer. Om till exempel angler och saxare förmår hålla fred så kommer danerna aldrig att kunna invadera England. För att Britannia ska bli trevligt för samtliga spelare bör därför de erfarna dela med sig av sina kunskaper om invasioner och strategier INNAN folkslagen fördelas. Se även Partiexempel för statistik från mina partier. MinnenDet jag minns mest av Britannia är de första partierna. Av någon oklar anledning blev alltid spelets ägare och av någon lika oklar anledning hann vi aldrig spela längre än till romarnas återtåg. Ändå föll jag för Britannias enkelhet och charm och köpte själv spelet. Det var sedan under ett spelkonvent som jag till fullo förstod vikten av samarbete mellan folkslagen. Jag spelade blått och etablerade i lugn och ro ett starkt piktiskt fäste i Skottland medan romarna avancerade norrut. Briganterna bröt dock mot historien genom att gå in i Wales! När sedan irländarna och saxarna kom så gjorde de detsamma och till slut var hela England och Wales rött. En tredjedel in i partiet så var det alltså redan avgjort! Settlers
AllmäntSettlers är helt enkelt ett genialt spel. Spelidén påminner om Civilization genom att spelarna dels ska kämpa mot varandra i jakten på land och dels måste samarbeta genom handel. Den slumpmässigt konstruerade spelplanen borgar för variation i varje nytt parti och den korta speltiden gör det enkelt att hitta tid till ännu ett parti. StrategiSettlers strategi är enkel att ta till sig även för nybörjare. Se till att balansera din ekonomi med minst en råvara av varje sort så att du aldrig saknar råvaror för din utveckling. (Kompletterande handel kan du bara lita till om du inte leder.) Försök att skapa monopol brukar sällan lyckas då det är svårt att hinna lägga beslag på alla råvaror av en sort. Inte heller stegvis utveckling där du först fokuserar på råvaror för att bygga byar och sedan på råvaror för att bygga städer brukar löna sig. Har du inte själv sten (som behövs för att bygga städer av dina byar) kommer det att bli svårare att köpa det av övriga spelare ju längre spelet lider, dels därför att dina "enkla" råvaror inte är intressanta längre och dels därför att de inte vill hjälpa fram dig till en ledning. Vinner gör ofta den som lyckas bygga städer tidigt - jag har bara sett ett parti där någon lyckats vinna utan en enda stad. MinnenMitt bästa minne av Settlers är när spelet fick följa med på en kompisresa till Gran Canaria. Under de svala kvällarna plockades brädet fram tillsammans med bröd, ost och oliver och för ett ögonblick lämnade vi den kanariska ön för att kolonisera Catan. Det var också då jag lärde mig vikten av att bygga städer. Den spelare som fokuserade på detta vann nämligen sju raka segrar! Först när jag anammade samma strategi lyckades jag bryta hans segerrad och ta hem de tre sista partierna. Att vi spelade tio partier under vår semester säger för övrigt lika mycket om Settlers som om Gran Canaria som resmål... Puerto Rico
AllmäntPuerto Rico skiljer sig från de vanliga brädspelen genom att det man inte flyttar pjäser på en spelplan. I stället får spelarna varje tur välja mellan olika roller som styr vilka aktiviteter de får utföra. Om man till exempel väljer "Byggare" får man den turen uppföra byggnader. Eftersom samtliga spelare får utföra aktiviteterna gäller det att inte bara välja den roll som bäst hjälper en själv utan också en roll som inte hjälper de andra för mycket. Vinner gör den som genom att utnyttja de olika rollerna bäst utvecklar sin koloni. StrategiDen forne schackvärldsmästaren Wilhelm Steinitz sade att "En dålig strategi är bättre än ingen strategi alls". Hans ord väger särskilt tungt i ett spel som Puerto Rico. Försök att "optimera" valet av roll varje tur är dömt att misslyckas. Dels ger det bara kortsiktiga fördelar och dels är det vad övriga spelare förväntar sig och gynnar därför deras strategier minst lika mycket. Man bör därför välja en strategi så tidigt som möjligt och hålla sig till den, såsom min pengastrategi i mitt parti nedan (se Minnen). Observera dock att det också är viktigt att vara ensam om strategin så man måste anpassa valet av strategi till övriga spelares val. Oavsett strategi så är en bra tumregel att relationen mellan pengar och poäng är pengar>poäng i början, pengar=poäng i mitten och pengar<poäng i slutet. Det betyder att man ska fokusera på pengar i början då det fortfarande finns gott om tid till avkastning på investeringar men på poäng i slutet då investeringar inte längre lönar sig. För den som vill spela on-line, mot datorn eller mänskliga motståndare, rekommenderar jag Phial.com. MinnenSom nybörjare i Puerto Rico hade jag väldigt svårt att vinna. Det kändes som om jag kom snett i varje speltur. Om jag någon gång producerade mycket så lyckades jag aldrig sälja det, om jag någon gång tjänade mycket pengar så lyckades jag aldrig omsätta dem i byggnader och så vidare. Men en gång bestämde jag mig för att strunta i medspelarnas råd och helt fokusera på att tjäna pengar. Eftersom detta var en ny strategi fick jag såväl rollen "Handlare" som de dyraste råvarorna för mig själv och genom att bygga ekonomiska byggnader som marknader så vällde pengarna in. Först när de övriga spelarna såg hur mycket jag kunde bygga insåg de vad som höll på att hända men då var det för sent. Äntligen hade jag vunnit i Puerto Rico! Tyvärr lärde sig de andra av min seger så nästa gång var jag inte ensam om min strategi längre och segern gick därmed till någon annan. Nästa parti blir det en ny strategi. RISK
AllmäntRISK är en tidlös klassiker. I RISK är målet helt enkelt att erövra världen genom att uppnå kontroll över varje territorium på spelplanen. Spelets stora styrka är dess enkelhet och variation: Inget parti är det andra likt och alla har lika stor chans att vinna. Alea jacta est! StrategiStrategi i RISK handlar mycket om personliga preferenser. Den defensive kan satsa på en liten kontinent som bas att expandera från, den offensive kan satsa på att en stor armé som bas och utöka den genom att anfalla enkla mål och samla kort. Jag försöker ofta hävda Australien för egen räkning (och är känd för att stånga mig blodig för det), för att sedan försiktigt samla kort mot enkla mål i Asien. Glöm inte bort diplomatin, som i RISK går ut på att peka ut alla utom dig själv som hot mot världsfreden. MinnenRISK är nog det konfliktspel jag spelat mest och det är svårt att välja och vraka bland alla minnen. Ett minnesvärt parti var första gången jag använde mig av min "amöbastrategi". Efter flera misslyckade försök att från Sydamerika invadera Nordamerika tröttnade jag och stannade helt enkelt kvar och växte och växte och växte... Till slut var min armé så stor att blotta åsynen av den skrämde bort motståndarna. De var visserligen överens om att de borde bekämpa den tillsammans men ingen ville ta första steget. När "amöban" så började röra på sig så flydde fienderna för den och jag fick både Nordamerika och Europa i stort sett utan strid! Numera brukar mina motståndare vara vaksamma på och rusta i stället för att slåss inbördes när de upptäcker dylika försök. Minnet av "amöbasegern" kan dock ingen ta ifrån mig. Napoleon at Leipzig
AllmäntNapoleon at Leipzig är liksom War and Peace ett klassiskt konfliktspel men på en mer detaljerad nivå. Napoleon at Leipzig är en skildring på taktisk nivå av 1800-talets största slag. De olika scenarierna ger stor flexibilitet i val av speltid och svårighetsgrad och Clash of Arms' utsökt vackra spelbrickor ger en extra krydda till spelupplevelsen. Befälssystemet gör det svårt att till fullo kontrollera sina trupper, inte minst regeln om Napoleons morgontrötthet där slumpen avgör när fransmännen kan börja anfalla, men å andra sidan speglar det den kaotiska verkligheten på 1800-talets slagfält. Sammantaget är Leipzig en utmärkt arena för en spännande taktisk kamp och en intressant historielektion. (Dessutom finns här något så sällsynt som svenska arméer!) StrategiHela kampanjen har jag bara spelat ett en gång i ett solitärparti. Några slutsatser har jag i alla fall kunnat dra och i stort sett överensstämmer dem med den verklighet som Napoleontidens befälhavare ställdes inför, något som får ses som ett gott betyg till spelet. Taktiskt gäller det att optimera varje enskild hexagon. Håll ihop kårerna så att stackar om tre i stället för maximala två kan bildas, blanda vapenslagen för att få bonus i strid och öka slagkraften mot kritiska hexagoner med artilleriunderstöd. Den starkare måste försöka skära av reträttvägar för att förgöra motståndartrupper, antingen genom att bryta igenom linjerna eller genom kringgående manövrar. Den svagare måste utnyttja terrängen och använda byar och vattendrag som stödpunkter. Strategiskt så måste Frankrike utnyttja sitt övertag den första dagen till att slå ut så många allierade trupper som möjligt innan förstärkningar anländer. För de allierade gäller det precis som i den riktiga kampanjen att bara leverera batalj på de fronter där de är starkare och i övrigt dra sig tillbaka och dra isär de franska trupperna. Den som vill förbereda sig för ett parti Napoleon at Leipzig gör därför rätt i att studera historiska källor! MinnenSe Partiexempel. War and Peace
AllmäntWar and Peace är ett klassiskt konfliktspel med alla välkända komponenter: ledare, infanteri, kavalleri, artilleri, flottor, hexagoner, supply centers, supply lines och så vidare. Samtidigt är det enkelt och ger spelarna möjlighet att koncentrera sig på diplomati, strategi och taktik istället för regler. Krig är en fortsättning av politiken fast med andra medel som Clausewits sa... StrategiPrecis som under Napoleontiden gäller det att koncentrera sina styrkor och bara leverera batalj när man är stark nog. För Frankrike gäller det att slå ut motståndarna innan de hinner samlas och för de allierade gäller det att enas och samlas så fort som möjligt. Det faktum att länderna är så olika starka gör det naturligtvis ännu svårare. MinnenWar and Peace är tyvärr ett av dessa långa spel som man sällan hinner spela till slut. Å andra sidan är det inte ett spel som man kan "vinna" i vanlig bemärkelse utan dess charm ligger i kampen för den egna nationen, med de förutsättningar den har. Ett minnesvärt parti handlar om hur jag såg mer till Österrikes bästa än min allians bästa, i och för sig inte helt olikt Napoleontidens habsburgare. För en gångs skull hade vi lyckats bilda en stark antifransk allians och gjorde oss redo att tåga direkt mot Paris för ett avgörande slag mot kejsardömets hjärta. Alla arméer skyndade dit utom de österrikiska. De stannade hellre på vägen och införlivade den ena franska kolonin efter den andra med det habsburgska väldet. Resultatet blev att mina alliansparnters helt enkelt tröttnade och bildade en antiösterrikisk allians tillsammans med Frankrike! Den som gapar efter mycket... Siege of Jerusalem
AllmäntSiege of Jerusalem lägger bokstavligt talat till en dimension till de vanliga konfliktspelen. Siege of Jerusalem är en episk stridssimulering där den oövervinnerliga romerska arméerna ställs mot de oforcerbara murarna runt Jerusalem. Spelet kryddas av "murkomponenter" som belägringsmaskiner, stegar och brinnande olja men tyvärr lämnar den ökade komplexiteten denna tredje dimension medför en viss eftersmak. För den som inte räds detta innehåller dock Siege of Jerusalem många spännande utmaningar. StrategiSiege of Jerusalem är tyvärr ett mycket krävande spel och jag har varken hittat tid eller motståndare för att spela hela kampanjen ännu. Förhoppningsvis kommer jag att kunna ge mig på ett solitärparti så småningom och då kunna dra slutsater om strategier. MinnenDe gånger jag spelat Siege of Jerusalem har jag nöjt mig med de enklare scenarierna. Som Gallus har jag försökt kväsa upproret i dess linda och med min enda legion storma murarna. Min motståndare har dock alltid lyckats slå tillbaka mina försök och jag kan bara konstatera att jag ännu inte lyckats bättre än vad stackars Gallus gjorde för 2000 år sedan. Excalibur
AllmäntExcalibur kan lite elakt karakteriseras som en blandning mellan Bondespelet och RISK. Spelet illustrerar den feodala ekonomins ömtåliga balans mellan inkomsten från riddarens län och kostnaderna för dennes följe. Tyvärr gynnar spelet bonden framför riddaren eftersom man får betala dubbelt för att slåss. Dels kostar riddarna pengar och dels kan man inte ta upp någon skatt om de är ute och slåss. Det är därför bättre lägga under sig så mycket mark man kan på fredlig väg och sedan bygga bikupor i stället att gå i strid mot varandra. Mysigt kanske men inte särskilt spännande. StrategiSom framgår av ovan gäller det expandera och konsolidera sitt län. Gränsområden kan försvaras men i övrigt bör alla resurser läggas på utveckling av länet. Aggressiva spelare kan vinna kortsiktiga fördelar mot enstaka spelare men tappar på lång sikt mot övriga spelare. MinnenDet ena Excaliburpartiet skiljde sig tyvärr inte från det andra. Spelarna expanderade, utkämpade något enstaka slag och ägnade sig sedan åt att utveckla sina län. Idéer om att justera reglerna förverkligades aldrig och Excalibur blev därför ett av två spel som fick lämna min spelhylla. Supremacy
AllmäntSupremacy kan karakteriseras som ett RISK med en ekonomisk och en vetenskaplig dimension. För att bekämpa varandra militärt krävs ekonomiska resurser som i bästa fall kan ge spelarna tillgång kärnvapenteknologi. Tyvärr lider detta av konfliktspelens stora anakronism: kärnvapenkrig är avskräckande för en stat men inte för en spelare som hellre ser att alla förlorar än att någon vinner. Partierna tenderar därför att sluta i atomvinter, låt vara att vägen dit kan vara underhållande. StrategiBygg atombomer, se till att partiet slutar i atomvinter och byt sedan till ett roligare spel. MinnenInga. Kingmaker
AllmäntKingmaker är ett klassiskt konfliktspel men inte desto mindre en gåta för mig. Med det kaotiska engelska inbördeskriget som bakgrund ger spelet möjligheter till diplomati, snabbhet, enkelhet, strategi och plötsliga vändningar heter det. Min erfarenhet är dock att spelarna inte har någon som helst kontroll över vad som händer och att slumpen slutligen bestämmer segraren. Intrycket efter ett parti är ett "jaha". StrategiBygg upp en liten fraktion, håll dig undan strider, vänta tills det bara finns en tronpretendent kvar och hoppas att han hamnar i en stad nära dig. MinnenDet enda parti Kingmaker jag spelat ledde till min kanske minst ärorika seger. Efter flera oturliga händelser var min fraktion klart svagast och jag väntade mest på att partiet skulle ta slut. Men när det bara fanns en tronpretendent kvar så hamnade denne genom en händelse nära min fraktion. Jag kunde därför fånga honom, låta kröna honom och vinna spelet. Efter det packade vi aldrig upp Kingmaker igen och så småningom blev det det andra spelet som fick lämna min spelhylla. PartiexempelStatistik BritanniaNedanstående tabell visar statistik från ett antal partier. Min erfarenhet är att gönt har en stabil poängbas medan rött och blått har större variation. För grönt gäller det därför att balansera rött och blått mot varandra. För rött och blått gäller det att få balansen att tippa över till egen fördel utan att båda sidor försvagas. För lila gäller det helt enkelt att slå ned övriga tre så mycket man kan med romarna och sedan med diplomati och hoppande allianser få resterande folkslag att överleva och skrapa ihop poäng nog. Poäng per spelare
Medelpoäng per folkslag
The Battle of Nations (Napoleon at Leipzig)Detta parti är en dramatiserad redogörelse för ett solitärparti av Napoleon at Leipzig. Partiet omfattar hela kampanjen och spelas med Grand Tactical Rules. Redogörelsen är på engelska för publicering på Boardgamegeek. October 16, morningThe sun rose over Leipzig on the cloudy morning of October the 16th. The allied commander and leader of the Army of Bohemia, Karl Philipp von Schwarzenberg, stood on the heights outside the small village of Gautzsch south of Leipzig and anxiously observed the French forces. As expected, Napoleon had positioned the main body of La Grande Armee along a line from Markkleeberg via Wachau to Liebertvolkwitz. South of them Barclay de Tolly waited with Wittgenstein's Russian Army Corps and Kleist's 2nd Prussian Corps. He was ordered to hold the line Cröbern-Güldengössa while waiting for Klenau's 4th Corps to support his right flank and Konstantin's Russo-Prussian Guard to strengthen his left flank. Under no circumstances he was allowed to offer battle before the reinforcements had arrived. Meanwhile, Schwarzenberg would lead the 2nd Corps under Meerwelt and the Army Reserve Corps under Homburg to a surprise attack further north. They would cross the River Pleisse at Connewitz and Lössnig behind the enemy lines and before Napoleon would wake up they would attack him from his rear. This was Schwarzenberg's own idea and he was very pleased with it. West of Leipzig, Gyulai's 3rd Corps and Liechtenstein's 1st Division were ordered to advance directly on the city itself while Gebhard von Blücher would issue a similar attack from the North. However, his army of Silesia, comprising Langeron's, St. Priest's and Osten-Sacken's Russian Army Corps, Yorck's 1st Prussian Corps, had not yet reached its position north of Leipzig. Their presence was crucial for the outcome of the battle as they were to engage Michel Ney's forces but would they arrive in time? Should Schwarzenberg delay the attack while waiting for Blücher? Barclay had already complained about being outnumbered and according to Schwarzenberg's intelligence, both MacDonald's 11th Corps and Souham's 3rd Corps were marching towards Leipzig at this very moment. There was no time to lose, the die was cast. Things did not start very well though. Schwarzenberg's forces did indeed manage to march through the forest of Das Raths Holz and reach the Western bank of the river Pleisse unseen. However, Schwarzenberg was shocked to learn that neither Klenau nor Konstantin had made any progress yet. In spite of that, Wittgenstein had occupied the empty village of Crostewitz and dangerously stretched the thin lines. From Gyulai and Blücher there were no news. Why did not people obey his orders? After all, he was the commander of the Allied Army. If Napoleon would wake now... At the same time in the French camp, Schwarzenberg's worst fears came true. Napoleon Bonaparte, the hated and feared Emperor of France, woke up and soon the entire Wachau line was on the move. In the centre, Victor's 2nd Corps subjected Wittgenstein's unprepared forces to heavy bombardment and fighting. On the right flank, Poniatowski's 8th Corps joined Kellermann's 4th Cavalry Corps in a conquest of Crostewitz while Lauriston's 5th Corps on the left flank advanced towards Gross Pössna and the yet unprepared Klenau. Latour's 1st Cavalry Corps and even the Old Guard under Drouot were marching rapidly towards the newly erupted battle. Schwarzenberg turned paler and paler as he witnessed how La Grand Armee overran Wittgenstein's forces and demoralized them completely. Barclay, however, did not allow himself to be paralyzed. He quickly ordered Kleist to concentrate his forces along the Cröbern-Güldengössa line and even managed to cause some damage to Victor's far advanced positions. If only Klenau and Konstantin could arrive soon he might be able to hold the line. Upon learning this, Schwarzenberg issued orders to Homburg to make a diversory attack over the Pleisse and then rode south to establish contact with Konstantin. As Napoleon was already awake, Homburg abandoned the silent approach, bombarded the French positions at Lössnig and managed to conquer the weakly defended village. Less successful were Gyulai and Liechtenstein west of Leipzig. Confused as how to interpret their orders, they had only reached the empty village of Schönau. Here they learnt that Arrighi's Observation Corps were expecting them and had formed a line around the Lindenau Chateaux. Only a combined attack could threaten that line but reluctant to sacrifice their soldiers, they still argued on the best approach for such an attack. North of Leipzig, however, the Allied Army had an excellent commander in Blücher who equalled Napoleon himself in co-ordinating the different nationalities of the forces. He had already led Yorck's 1st Prussian Corps to the empty village of Lutzschena and upon learning that Marmont's 6th Corps still hadn't left their positions around Lindenthal he prepared a pincer manouvre. Yorck was ordered to proceed right of the forest towards the village of Sahmeln while Langeron was ordered to lead his Russian Army Corps left of the forest, past the village of Breitenfeld. The French forces in the North remained inactive, much due to the fact that their commander, Ney, was still asleep. The only exception was Bertrand's 4th Corps, but he had only reached the village of Wahren when Blücher's trap was shut. Marmont's forces were surrounded and annihilated and with Osten-Sacken's Russian Army Corps joining him, nothing seemed to stop Blücher from reaching Leipzig. Sebastiani's 2nd Cavalry Corps and MacDonald's 11th Corps were indeed marching towards Leipzig but would they arrive in time? Back in the South, the battle continued with heavy losses on both sides. Cröbern and Güldengössa had been captured and lost several times but Lauriston had suddenly turned back and attacked Güldengössa from the left. At the same time, Joachim Murat had joined the battle and thrown in Nansouty's Cavalry Guard against Cröbern, strategically located close to the Pleisse bridge. As Klenau remained passive, the entire Army of Bohemia now threatened to be surrounded in a big pincer manouvre. Kleist could no longer resist the overwhelming forces and Barclay desperately rode West to establish contact with Klenau. Napoleon replied by ordering Drouot's Old Guard to his left flank and Pajol's 5th Cavalry Corps to Liebertvolkwitz. Klenau attacked all the same, hoping to divert some troops from Lauriston's pincer manouvre. As Napoleon did not want to risk his guard to suffer any adverse combat result, some of Lauriston's troops were indeed diverted but they quickly repelled Klenau's attack and then continued their flank attack. By this time, Schwarzenberg had led Konstantin's and Meerwelt's troops across the Pleisse, where they struggled to set up a new line behind the stream between Cröbern and Mägdeborn to protect their right flank against Lauriston. No progress was reported from the rest of the Bohemian army either. Homburg had lost Lössnig to Poniatowski, captured Connewitz but lost it again to Mortier's 2nd Young Guard. Gyulai and Liechtenstein had finally combined their attacks but although they did force Arrighi's 3rd Cavalry Corps out of Plagwitz they could not capture the village due to the risk of getting surrounded. It was only Blücher who was successful. Having annihilated Marmont's forces, he now led an attack on Bertrand's forces around Wahren. Yorck attacked Wahren on the right flank while Langeron cut the retreats on the left flank and the French force was completely demoralized. Marmont and Bertrand just escaped being captured and fled back to Leipzig. Meanwhile, Osten-Sacken proceeded towards Göhlich where Sebastiani and MacDonald finally had managed to set up a defensive line. Further West, around the village of Mockau, Souham's 3rd Corps remained intact and was a potential threat Blücher's Army of Silesia. He gathered his forces for a final assault on the city of Leipzig itself. The next few hours would be decisive... October 16, afternoonIt was past noon when Schwarzenberg received his first intelligence from the various battle scenes around Leipzig. The situation was critical. In the South, the Army of Bohemia had been split into four parts. Both Gyulai and Homburg had failed to cross the rivers west of Leipzig while Klenau's forces in the East had been cut off from the main body. Wittgenstein's and Kleist's Corps were already demoralized and the rest of the once so proud Bohemian Army were about to be trapped in a huge pincer manouvre. In the North, Blücher had crushed Marmont's and Bertrand's Corps but now faced Sebastiani's and MacDonalds united forces. Had the other commanders been right when they criticized Schwarzenberg for spreading out the forces? He quickly summarized the losses. The Allied had lost 86 unit points compared to the French losses of 84 unit points. If they could only hold the field for another day, Bernadotte and Bennigsen may arrive in time with their reinforcements to change the outcome of the battle. But for that to happen, the Army of Bohemia must be saved! Reluctantly he ordered Konstantin to withdraw over the Pleisse, so that they might regroup their forces. Further east, Barclay had given up his attempts to connect with Schwarzenberg's forces. Instead, he ordered Klenau to attack the village of Liebertvolkwitz. It was only occupied by the weak 9th Corps under Augereau and a quick victory might open the road to Leipzig. This brave manouvre deserved better but unfortunately it was detected by Napoleon. As Cröbern was secured, he ordered Murat's cavalry to chase Barclay. He quickly relocated Nansouty and Kellerman from the right flank to the left flank, where they were met by the hitherto passive 1st Young Guard under Oudinot. Barclay realized that he could not escape the cavalry. He could only inflict as much damage as possible to Augereau and then offer battle. The French 9th Corps were indeed demoralized by this brave act but the Allied 4th Corps were now surrounded by French cavalry. Schwarzenberg's situation was no better. A heroic effort of the Prussian Guard had re-opened the retreat path over Pleisse but at the cost of terrible losses at both sides. Victor's 2nd Corps had indeed been demoralized but so had Konstantin's Russo-Prussian Guard and it was virtually impossible to issue orders to the forces. Lauriston's 5th Corps had now reached the Pleisse south of Konstantin's lines and completed the pincer manouvre. Those who could fled over the river, those who remained were massacred by the advancing French forces. Further north, Schwarzenberg finally received good news. Homburg had once again captured Lössnig and repelled Poniatowski's attempt to recapture the village. Gyulai had captured Plagwitz and might be able to besiege the Chateaux of Lindenau. But would they be able to reach Leipzig before Napoleon would finish his work here and turn his full force against them? No, Blücher was his only hope now. In the north, Blücher had not rested. Göhlich had been captured and in one of the houses they had had the pleasure to find Count Bertrand, commander of the now annihilated 4th Corps. They had also received reinforcement from St. Priest's 8th Corps and now held a strong line on the Western bank of the stream from Göhlich to Widderitzsch. However, the fighting had taken its tribute and left Langeron's Russian Army Corps demoralized. In addition, Ney had finally awoken and brought Souham's 3rd Corps to the battlefield. Blücher's four Corps, Yorck, Langeron, Osten-Sacken and St. Priest, were exhausted after half a day's marching and fighting and now faced three fresh French Corps, Souham, MacDonald and Sebastiani. Behind the French, the steeples of Leipzig stood out against the cloudy sky, so close and yet so far away. While Schwarzenberg and Blücher were contemplating the situation, Napoleon was furious. He had specifically ordered Ney to remain defensive and Murat to overrun the remainder of Kleist's Corps. Now he had learnt that Ney had initiated a local offensive south of Leipzig while Murat desperately defended his positions at Liebertvolkwitz. In addition to this, Poniatowski had been besieged in the Chateaux of Dölitz. If Dölitz would fall, the road back to Lepzig would be blocked and the French army cut in two. As usual, Napoleon would have to do things himself. He ordered Lauriston's 5th Corps to clear the Eastern bank of the Pleisse and defend the bridge while he led the rest of the army back towards Leipzig. First he would throw back Homburg, then he would teach Blücher a lesson. Unaware of the development in the South, Blücher had identified a weakness in the French right flank, held by Souham. He ordered St. Priest to take advantage of this while he kept the French centre busy. Once again, Blücher had calculated correctly; after intense bombardment the right flank broke and some of Souham's finest divisions were captured. Ney's forces were now under attack both from the North and from the West. However, Blücher's opponent this time was not the passive Marmont or Bertrand but Marshal Michel Ney, Prince de la Moskova. He quickly ordered MacDonald to strengthen Souham's lines and join Sebastiani in an attack on the left flank. Yorck's forces failed to hold Göhlich and what was worse, one of the brigades got trapped in the village. Of Blücher's four forces, two were now demoralized. As the sun set, he had to reluctantly admit that his offensive had been stopped and that Leipzig remained under French control. The mood was very low in the Allied camp that evening. The Allied losses had reached 183 unit points while La Grand Armee had only lost 149 unit points. In the south, Konstantin's Russian Guard and Meerwelt's artillery had defended the Cröbern bridge over Pleisse but all the forces there were now demoralized. From Barclay nothing had been heard. Would he be able to escape the French cavalry pursuit during the night and join with Colloredo's 1st Corps in the morning? Would Colloredo arrive at all in the morning? West of Leipzig, Gyulai had lost Plagwitz and although Homburg still held Lössnig, he was surrounded and requested permission to withdraw his forces to the Western bank of Pleisse. North of Leipzig Blücher's offensive had been stopped and there were worrying reports about French troop movements in that direction. And where the hell were Bennigsen and Bernadotte? October 17The new day brought few good news to the pressed Schwarzenberg. Neither Bennigsen, nor Bernadotte was expected to arrive on the battlefield until the next day. The battle would be lost by then! The allied commander did not command any army anymore. Kleist, Meerwelt, Konstantin and Wittgenstein all struggled to reorganize their shattered forces on the Western bank of the Pleisse. It was left to Homburg's Army Reserve Corps to hold the only three bridges that remained between them and Leipzig. Indeed, he was relieved when he learnt that Barclay had not only survived but also convened with the newly arrived 1st Corps under Colloredo. They were still on the Eastern bank of the Pleisse but would one Corps be enough to take on the entire French army? Schwarzenberg looked out over the battlefield. The French army had been busy last night. Napoleon and Murat had left the Southern front to face Blücher and taken most of the forces with them. Instead, Ney had been given the command of the remaining 5th Corps under Lauriston and prepared himself to capture the Pleisse bridge at Cröbern. Further north, Poniatowski's 8th Corps and Pajol's 5th Cavalry Corps seemed to have their minds set on the bridge at Lössnig. Perhaps the bridges could yet be held, perhaps the battle was not lost yet. Schwarzenberg ordered Homburg against Poniatowski's 8th Corps and Pajol's 5th Cavalry Corps while he himself went out to face Marshal Ney. Barclay and Colloredo advanced as well with the hope to divert Ney's forces. Klenau, however, had been caught up by the French at Sieffertshayn and his demoralized 4th Corps could only prepare themselves for the coming cavalry charge. Of Napoleon and Murat there were no sight on this part of the battlefiled and Schwarzenberg could only hope that Blücher would be able to withstand them. But in the North, Blücher also wondered where Napoleon and Murat were. Thick blue lines of French soldiers stood up in front of him - MacDonald's 11th Corps, Souham's 3rd Corps and Sebastiani's 2nd Cavalry Corps, In addition, Reynier's 7th Corps were said to be on their way. But none of them moved! Could the old Corsican still be asleep after all his nightly work to reallocating his army? Well, Blücher did not intend to wake him just yet as he was still weak after yesterday's battle. With Prussian calm and accuracy he had St. Priest and Osten-Sacken to form a defensive line behind the stream from Widderitzsch to Möckern while Yorck and Langeron reorganized their forces. As the day dawned, the hot-tempered Ney immediately launched his attack and pressed back the Allied to the river. At the same time, Nansouty's Guard Cavalry and Oudinot's 1st Young Guard easily broke through Klenau's weak lines. Schwarzenberg managed to initiate a counter-attack and still entertained some hope to join Barclay and Colloredo. But alas, their way was cut by none else than Drouot's Old Guard. News also came that Nansouty's Guard Cavalry headed in their direction. Barclay had no choice but to fortify himself in Mägdeborn and let Schwarzenberg deal with Ney on his own. On his way back, he met poor Klenau, the only one from the 4th Corps to escape from the French cavalry charge. The Imperial Army was now in complete control of the Southern battlefield. The hours passed with litte progress on any side. In the South, the lines fought each other to a standstill. Meerwelt had managed to boast the morale of his men but the 2nd Corps were not likely to be back in time for today's fighting. Blücher was more successful, as both Yorck's 1st Prussian Corps and Langeron's Russian Army Corps were marching again and would join him at noon. In the West, Gyulai's 3rd Corps and Liechtenstein's 1st Division had finally managed to besiege Lindenau although the Chateaux itself was too strong to capture, Arrighi's 3rd Cavalry Corps were now cut from Leipzig. The passivity of the French was about to hand over the initiative to the Allied again when suddenly movements were detected in their camp. In Leipzig, the Emperor of France had finally awoken. He was shocked when he realized that half the day was lost already. The French army did indeed control the battlefield but they were spread out over a vast area and unable to coordinate their actions. He immediately ordered Sebastiani's 2nd Cavalry Corps to assist Arrighi's 3rd at Lindenau and clear the Western retreat path. Oudinot's 1st Young Guard and Kellermann's 4th Cavalry Corps were ordered back to Leipzig and he struggled to get in contact with the Drouot's Old Guard and Nansouty's Guard Cavalry. How had Ney dared to use his best troops for his simple task? Sebastiani did indeed manage to clear the Lindenau siege but would not be able to withstand the united forces of Gyulai and Liechtenstein for very long. At the same time, Blücher and Yorck captured the outskirts of Göhlich and now threatened Leipzig from the North. Napoleon concentrated his troops along the Leipzig road and MacDonald managed to recapture Göhlich. Nevertheless, the Emperor realized that the decisive victory that he had sought could no longer be achieved. He called on Murat and issued his order: La Grande Armee was to withdraw West of Leipzig. In the South, the balance was slowly shifting to the French' advantage. Pajol's 5th Cavalry Corps and Poniatowski's 8th Corps had finally recaptured Lössnig and thrown back the Allied from the Eastern river bank. Amidst heavy fighting, Lauriston's 5th Corps finally managed to break through the lines at the Pleisse and capture the bridge. The remnants of the Army Reserve Corps were now trapped between the French lines and the river. Schwarzenberg's once so proud Bohemian army was no more. In the afternoon a heavy rain fell over the Leipzig battlefield. After casualties on both sides, Napoleon had managed to further concentrate his lines along Göhlich-Rosenthal-Eutrisch and sent away Murat to gather his widespread forces. Nansouty's Cavalry Guard and Reynier's 7th Corps had finally made it to Leipzig and with them was also Augerau, who had managed to reorganize his 9th Corps. The other cavalry corps were already in Leipzig itself and the streets began to get crowded. Kellermann's 4th Cavalry Corps were sent to support MacDonald's and Souham's right flank while the rest prepared to open the path to the West. As soon as the rain ceased the French cavalry would charge! However, the Allied had not rested either during the rainfall. No sooner had the clouds dispersed when they launched surprise attacks on both fronts. The trapped Austrians heroically tried to break out and as Ney completely misunderstood the orders, the French refused to retreat. They did repel the Austrians but at terrible losses that completely demoralized Lauriston's hitherto invincible 5th Corps. At the same time, on the other front of the battlefield, Yorck had sneaked through the forest of Rosenthal and attacked Göhlich from the right while Langeron led an attack from the left. Some of MacDonald's forces were trapped and yet another French Corps fell into demoralization. Blücher was pleased as the road to Leipzig was opened once again. However, the attack had dangerously stretched the lines and a French counter-attack could be fatal. The same conclusion had been reached by Napoleon and he left to Murat to proceed with the cavalry charge against the Allied positions outside Lindenau. Instead, he ordered Pajol's 5th Cavalry Corps to further strengthen Souham's right flank, thus enabling the 3rd Corps to launch a full-scale attack in the centre. The resultat was devastating to the Allies. Several of St. Priest's divisions were destroyed and some of Langeron's artillery was captured. Yorck managed to hold Göhlich but for how long? Around Lindenau, things did not go better. With Murat on the battlefield, the cavalry showed no mercy and the charge was a complete success. As Liechtensten's forces were cut down, the panic spread in the 1st Division and the Western road was thrown open. Indeed, the few survivors of Liechtenstein's forces did manage to block Sebastiani's attempts to sneak around their left in the darkness but Gyulai would not alone be able to stop the French from flooding out from Leipzig the next day. He had failed in his task, it was now up to Schwarzenberg and Blücher to prevent the French retreat. As the sun set on the second day of the battle, Napoleon was reasonably satisfied with the outcome. Indeed, in the South Ney had failed to hold the Pleisse bridge and Lauriston's 5th Corps were demoralized. However, some of Victor's divisions were still fighting and Victor himself had managed to reorganize the rest of the 2nd Corps and was now marching to their aid. An ordered retreat from the Southern front was still possible. Ney had finally began to grasp the Emperor's plans and was desperately leading Lauriston's 5th Corps and Drouot's Old Guard back to Leipzig. Fortunately, Victor reached Cröbern bridge, where he could resume command over his forces and cover Ney's retreat. In the North, Reynier's fresh 7th Corps replaced MacDonald's demoralized 11th Corps. That should stop the stubborn Prussian dog once and for all. Blücher tried to regroup his weakened forces along the line Göhlich-Gross Widderitzsch with Yorck's 1st Prussian Corps and Langeron's Russian Army Corps on his right and Osten-Sacken's Russian Army Corps on his left. Napoleon responded by sending Kellermann's 4th Cavalry Corps and Pajol's 5th Cavalry Corps towards Klein Widderitzsch, thus threatening Blücher's left flank and leaving the Prussian commander no rest during the night. The increasingly frustrated Blücher tried to cover the village with one of St. Priest's remaining and unwilling divisions thus stretching the lines dangerously thin. With a heavy heart, he decided to abandon the costly captured Göhlich and regroup along the shorter line Möckern-Klein Widderitzsch, where the river of Elster would cover his right flank and the forest of Das Birkholz his left flank. His officers were sent back to reorganize their forces the next morning. However, Pajol cunningly led his cavalry through the forest and suddenly threatened Blücher's back. He had thus no choice but to recall his officers and prepare the next day's fighting with the few troops he had left. Meanwhile, Pajol occupied Breitenfeld and awaited the daybreak. While Blücher's mood fell, the other Allied commanders began to see some light in the darkness. As the French withdrew from Pleisse, Schwarzenberg could lead Meerwelt's 2nd Corps and Kleist's newly reorganized 2nd Prussian Corps across the river. On the other side of the river, Barclay and Colloredo's 1st Corps moved to assist them, threatening to surround Victor's 2nd Corps and leaving him no choice but to retreat to Markkleeberg. Homburg remained on the Western bank to reorganize his Army Reserve Corps and so did Konstantin and Wittgenstein, who still struggled to recover from the terrible losses inflicted to the Russo-Prussian Guard and Russian Army Corps during the first hours of the battle. However, from the other side of the battlefield long awaited news reached the Commander of the Army of Bohemia. Levin August Bennigsen had finally arrived to their aid and he was now leading the Army of Poland, Dochturow's Russian Army Corps and Bubna's 2nd Austrian Light Division, through Siefferthayn on the Eastern road towards Leipzig. There were also news that Karl Johan Bernadotte and The Army of the North, comprising Bülow's 3rd Prussian Corps, Winzingerode's Russian Army Corps and Stedink's Swedish Army Corps, were marching on the Northeastern road and due to reach the battlefield in the morning. As the third day of the battle began, the Allied had lost 150 unit points while the French losses were limited to 97 unit points after successful reorganization but finally all five commanders were heading towards Leipzig! October 18The night before the third day of the battle had left Napoleon no rest. He had calculated his forces over and over again. All his Guard Corps were intact but the rest of his army had suffered severe casualties and were exhausted after two days of battle. Bertrand's 4th Corps would never see battle again, Lauriston's 5th Corps and MacDonald's 11th Corps were demoralized and neither Victor's reorganized 2nd Corps, nor Pajol's 5th Cavalry Corps, were likely to make it back to Leipzig. That left him 6 Infantry Corps (3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and Leipzig Observation Corps) and 4 Cavalry Corps (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th). He would need at least 7 Infantry Corps to maintain his German positions, otherwise the war would reach the French heartland and everything would be lost. Perhaps MacDonald would be able to reorganize his 11th Corps during the day but would Napoleon manage to get his entire army across the only remaining Leipzig bridge? The Allied fresch reinforcements were approaching and it would be a battle not only against them but also against time. Meanwhile the Allied commanders had been busy. All officers had been ordered to immediately move towards Leipzig to prevent the French from escaping, no matter the cost. This was their only chance to defeat the Emperor once and for all. Colloredo's 1st Corps managed to capture the Markkleeberg bridge only to lose it back to Victor's 2nd Corps. Bernadotte struggled to get all his three officers to coordinate their movements and progressed painfully slow. Blücher had to fall back and send Osten-Sacken's Russian Army Corps to clear Breitenfeld from Pajol's 5th Cavalry Corps. Yorck's 1st Prussian Corps tried to hold Möckern alone but had to surrender to Reynier's 7th Corps and Yorck himself was nearly captured. Konstantin's Russo-Prussian Guard were finally reorganized but too far away from Leipzig to contribute. The only good news came from Gyulai, whose 3rd Corps bravely fought back Sebastiani's 2nd Cavalry Corps. Their act earned the Allied valuable time but as Sebastiani was joined by Nansouty's Cavaly Guard and Latour's 1st Cavalry Corps they had to fall back with heavy casualties. Kleist's 2nd Prussian Corps joined Colloredo's 1st Corps in a renewed attack on Markkleeberg and were supported by cavalry from Meerwelt's 2nd Corps on their right flank but in spite of taking several prisoners, they did not manage to take the village itself. Victor was indeed paying a high price to stop them from reaching Leipzig because now Bennigsen turned towards Connewitz and threatened to surround the French 2nd Corps. In the North, Blücher regrouped along a line from Lindenthal to Klein Widderitzsch while Osten-Sacken finished Pajol's 5th Cavalry Corps, although Pajol himself managed to escape. West of Leipzig, Gyulai's shattered remnants stood up one last time and once more managed to close the French escape route. In frustration, Napoleon ordered all forces still East of the Pleisse river to withdraw to Leipzig while he himself crossed the river to command the retreat. Souham, Reynier and Kellerman reluctantly withdrew to the Möckern-Gutritsch line while Victor, Poniatowski and Drouot hurried back along the Southern Leipzig road. The race towards Leipzig had begun. Encouraged by the French delays, the Allied commanders proceeded and for the first time since the devastating early hours of the battle, they could combine their attacks again. In the South, Kleist's 2nd Prussian Corps captured Markkleeberg, Dochturow's Russian Army Corps captured Lössnig and Bubna's 2nd Austrian Light Division captured Connewitz. Now the Leipzig road was open except for the surrouned chateaux of Dölitz. Bernadotte was now only one hour from Leipzig and Blücher moved to join his right flank. Sad at heart, Victor had to abandon his heroic but now shattered and surrounded 2nd Corps and left to initiate a reorganization back in Leipzig. On the other side of the river, Marmont's 6th Corps finally crushed Gyulai's forces. At last the French escape route was open but was it too late? At noon, the Dölitz chateaux had capitulated and the long fought for bridges across the Pleisse had been captued, thus finally enabling Homburg's Army Reserve Corps to cross. Bülow's 3rd Corps had reached the Eastern outskirts of Leipzig and beaten Poniatowski's 8th Corps while Winzingerode's Russian Army Corps had beaten Souham's 3rd Corps and taken several prisoners. Langeron's Russian Army Corps was beaten back but would soon be supported by Osten-Sacken and Blücher was also glad to learn that Yorck's 1st Prussian Corps had reorganized their forces. In a matter of hours, the entired Allied Army would stand at the gates of Leipzig! Napoleon now had an important decision to make; should he proceed with his retreat and sacrifice the ones left behind or risk his precious forces in a counterstrike? As the French morale was decreasing rapidly he had no choice but to hurry the retreat. Nansouty rounded up the last of Gyulai's and Liechtenstein's soldiers and also managed to capture the latter. The evacuation of Leipzig was now initiated. As the allied commanders realized the Emperor's plan, they desperately increased their efforts. Bülow was beaten back by the French Guard with severe losses but Barclay hurried towards the Galgenberg road with Kleist's 2nd Prussian Corps, Meerwelt's 2nd Corps and Colloredo's 1st Corps and would join him soon. North of Lepzig, Schwarzenberg and Bennigsen ordered The Army of Poland to an assault that left Poniatowski's 8th Corps demoralized and they were soon to be joined by Homburg's Army Reserve Corps, who finally had regained their morale after yesterday's losses. In the South, the Swedish Army Corps under Stedink finally saw action, but although they caused Souham further losses they did not manage to cut the French 3rd Corps' retreat towards Leipzig. It was all a matter of hours now. Only Mortier's 2nd Guard were left to cover the retreat and Napoleon cleared Leipzig, to allow them to retreat inside the city walls if necessary. Drouot's Old Guard, Oudinot's 1st Young Guard and Reyniers 7th Corps crossed the Western bridge closely followed by souham and Poniatowski. On the other side of the river, MacDonald managed to restore order not only in his 11th Corps but in the entire La Grande Armee. It was indeed a close cut, the French losses amounted to 142 unit points compared to the Allied losses of 147 - only one points from disintegration! But the French problems were far from over. In a combined attack, Dochturow's Russian Army Corps entered Leipzig from the South and Bülow's 3rd Corps from the North. Mortimer suffered heavy casualties and was forced to retreat behind the city walls, thus losing the only road between the city centre and the bridge over the Pleisse. The 2nd Young Guard was now cut from the main army and trapped behind their walls! But how long would Bülow be able to hold his positions? Napoleon responded by ordering all available artillery to the Western bank of the Pleisse in an attempt to recapture the bridge when something extraordinary happened that turned the tide. The British contribution to the Allied army was the congreve rocket, a novelty weapon invented only a decade ago. They now launched it against the French, whereupon Mortimer's imprisoned troops lost their last courage and even Napoleon himself retreated when faced this with this surprising attack from the sky. The demoralized 2nd Young Guard could no longer resist Dochturow's attack and the Allied could finally break through the city walls. Napoleon quickly recovered from the surprise and used his artillery to recapture the bridge but it was too late. As the sun set on the third day of the battle, the church bells of Leipzig announced that the city had been liberated. The following day, Lauriston had managed to reorganize his 5th Corps and Poniatowski his 8th Corps, thus limiting the French losses to 75 unit points, but it was all in vain. The distant sound of the Leipzig bridge being blown up sealed the fate of Mortimer's remaining units - the 2nd Young Guard had ceased to exist and without the Guard everything was lost. The Allied had been even more successful in their reorganization and with all forces except Yorck's 1st Prussian Corps, St. Priest's Russian Army Corps, Gyulai's 3rd Corps and Liechtenstein's 1st Division back on the field, their losses only amounted to 66 unit points. This was the end of Napoleon's empire. ReflectionsOverall, Napoleon at Leipzig does reflect the realities of Napoleonic warfare. Strategically the winner is the one who manages to use his forces effectively and concentrate them at critical points. Tactically the key to success is to put hold the lines with infantry (and take advantage of the terrain if defending), bombard from the behind with artillery and cut retreats with cavalry. (You don't eliminate enemy units directly in combat but indirectly by forcing them to retreat when there are no hexes to retreat to.) Once an line is crumbling, it's very difficult to disengage, fall back and reorder. This paved the way for Napoleon's success in the South and Blücher's success in the North the first day, just like in the real battle (although the French were far more successful in the South in the game). In the South, the Allied should have fallen back before combat and consolidated their forces first. Particularly, they should have abandoned Homburg's and Kleist's flank hopeless flank attacks and strengthened their centre instead. Consequently, in the North Bertrand and Marmont should have fallen back and awaited support from Souham. Attack where you are strong, retreat where you are weak! On the second day, the French struggled with their dispersed forces but also suffered from the random aspects in the game. With Napoleon sleeping half the day and Ney and Murat misinterpreting his orders, yesterday's gains could never be followed up and the Allied were given time to recover. Particularly, the escape route west of Leipzig should have been opened much earlier so that the retreat could have started already during the night. Although this also reflects the historic realities, randomness may win or lose the game for the French. Now the Allied could bring in Bennigsen and Bernadotte in action and the French were delayed both by the engaging enemies and by the narrow path out of Leipzig. As the streets of Leipzig got crowded, many units were trapped in the city with nowhere to retreat. Nevertheless, the victory was a close cut. If the French had held the lines one more hour, they would have been able to evacuate the 2nd Young Guard during the night (as the Allied would have been forced to exit their zone of control and leave the retreat route open). Now the British congreve rocket turned the tide by demoralizing Mortimer's units and thus denying them the defensive advantages of the chateaux that turn. The Leipzig bridge was blown up and the rest is, as it is called, history. To sum up, the campaign game requires a lot of time, at least the four days that the real battle lasted, and the players should prepare sheets with all officers where they can keep track of who is in command and who has moved. For the ones willing to pay the price, it pays off with a good history lesson and exciting game sequences. The players have different advantages at different parts of the battle field that they have to make the best of. Forces must quickly be relocated and thrown into battle where best needed and the end game race across the river adds extra spice. Napoloeon at Leipzig may also be played in teams, either where one player plays in the North and another in the South or where players play certain commanders. Why not replace the random command capacity with notes being sent across the battlefield to really recreate the challenges of this great Battle of Nations? |
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